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Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.
Retinoid [EPC]
Tazarotene is a third-generation topical retinoid used to treat plaque psoriasis, acne vulgaris, and sun-damaged skin. It works by regulating skin cell growth and reducing inflammation.
Name
Tazarotene
Raw Name
TAZAROTENE
Category
Retinoid [EPC]
Drug Count
5
Variant Count
22
Last Verified
February 17, 2026
RxCUI
212437, 212438, 313199, 313201, 314268, 313200, 1293451, 2267561, 2267566, 2166089, 2166094, 1293456
UNII
81BDR9Y8PS, 91A0K1TY3Z
About Tazarotene
Tazarotene is a third-generation topical retinoid used to treat plaque psoriasis, acne vulgaris, and sun-damaged skin. It works by regulating skin cell growth and reducing inflammation.
Detailed information about Tazarotene
References used for this content
This page is for informational purposes only and does not replace medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any medication containing Tazarotene.
In clinical practice, healthcare providers typically prescribe Tazarotene when patients require a potent agent to modulate skin cell production and reduce the inflammatory markers associated with chronic skin diseases. It is available in various formulations, including gels, creams, and foams, with concentrations usually ranging from 0.045% to 0.1%. The drug is considered a prodrug; it is relatively inactive upon application and must be converted by esterases within the skin to its active form, tazarotenic acid. This active metabolite then exerts its effects on the skin's genetic expression.
The mechanism of action for Tazarotene is complex and occurs at the molecular level within the nuclei of skin cells (keratinocytes). Tazarotene, once converted to tazarotenic acid, binds specifically to the retinoic acid receptors (RARs). There are three subtypes of these receptors: alpha, beta, and gamma. Tazarotene shows high affinity and selectivity for the RAR-beta and RAR-gamma subtypes, while showing little affinity for RAR-alpha. This selectivity is what distinguishes it from non-selective retinoids like tretinoin.
When the active metabolite binds to these receptors, it forms a complex that then binds to specific DNA sequences called Retinoic Acid Response Elements (RAREs). This process regulates the transcription of genes responsible for cell proliferation (growth), differentiation (specialization), and inflammation. In patients with psoriasis, Tazarotene helps to normalize the rapid, disorganized growth of skin cells and reduces the expression of inflammatory markers like MRP10 and HLA-DR. In acne management, it acts as a comedolytic agent, meaning it prevents the formation of microcomedones (clogged pores) and helps clear existing lesions by promoting the shedding of dead skin cells within the follicle.
Understanding the pharmacokinetics of Tazarotene is vital for assessing its safety, particularly regarding systemic exposure.
Tazarotene is FDA-approved for several distinct dermatological indications:
Off-label uses, which your doctor may discuss with you, sometimes include the treatment of ichthyosis (a condition causing dry, scaly skin) or keratosis pilaris, though these are not primary FDA-approved indications.
Tazarotene is available in several topical delivery systems to suit different skin types and conditions:
> Important: Only your healthcare provider can determine if Tazarotene is right for your specific condition. The choice of formulation depends on the severity of the condition, the location of the lesions, and your skin's sensitivity.
Dosage for Tazarotene is highly individualized based on the condition being treated and the patient's skin tolerance. Healthcare providers typically recommend the following:
Because systemic absorption of Tazarotene is minimal, formal dosage adjustments for renal impairment are not typically required for topical application. However, caution should be exercised if treating very large surface areas in patients with severe renal disease.
Similar to renal impairment, hepatic impairment does not usually necessitate a change in topical dosing. The drug's metabolism is primarily mediated by esterases rather than complex hepatic pathways.
Clinical studies did not observe overall differences in safety or effectiveness between elderly and younger patients. However, elderly skin is often thinner and more prone to irritation, so a 'start low and go slow' approach may be warranted.
Proper application is critical for the success of Tazarotene therapy and the prevention of side effects:
If you miss a dose, apply it as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and return to your regular routine. Do not apply a double amount to make up for a missed application, as this will significantly increase skin irritation.
Topical overdose typically results in severe skin redness, peeling, blistering, and discomfort. If the medication is accidentally swallowed, contact a Poison Control Center or seek emergency medical attention immediately. Oral ingestion of retinoids can lead to symptoms similar to Vitamin A toxicity, including severe headache, nausea, and vomiting.
> Important: Follow your healthcare provider's dosing instructions. Do not adjust your dose or apply the medication more frequently than prescribed without medical guidance.
Most patients using Tazarotene will experience some degree of local skin irritation, particularly during the first few weeks of treatment. This is often referred to as the 'retinoid flush' or 'retinization' period.
While rare with topical use, serious reactions can occur. Stop using the medication and contact your doctor if you experience:
> Warning: Stop taking Tazarotene and call your doctor immediately if you experience any of these symptoms. Severe reactions may indicate a need to discontinue the medication permanently.
No FDA black box warnings for Tazarotene. However, it is important to note that Tazarotene is classified as Pregnancy Category X (or carries a specific warning against use in pregnancy in newer labeling), which is the strongest warning regarding fetal harm short of a black box. It is strictly contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant.
Report any unusual symptoms or persistent skin changes to your healthcare provider to ensure the treatment remains safe for you.
Tazarotene is a potent medication that requires careful handling. The most critical safety concern is its potential to cause severe birth defects. Patients must also be aware that Tazarotene significantly increases the skin's sensitivity to ultraviolet (UV) light, including sunlight and tanning beds. Protective clothing and broad-spectrum sunscreens are mandatory during treatment.
No FDA black box warnings for Tazarotene. However, the drug carries a 'Contraindication' for pregnancy, which is the highest level of warning regarding use during gestation. Tazarotene can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
Tazarotene does not have any known effects on the ability to drive or operate heavy machinery, as it does not cause sedation or impair cognitive function.
There is no direct interaction between topical Tazarotene and alcohol. However, excessive alcohol consumption can dehydrate the skin and exacerbate the dryness and irritation caused by the medication. Additionally, alcohol can be a trigger for psoriasis flares in some patients.
Tazarotene does not cause a withdrawal syndrome and does not require tapering. However, stopping the medication abruptly may lead to a recurrence of acne or psoriasis symptoms. If you wish to stop treatment, discuss a maintenance plan with your doctor.
> Important: Discuss all your medical conditions, especially any history of skin cancer or eczema, with your healthcare provider before starting Tazarotene.
There are few absolute contraindications for topical drug-drug interactions, but the following should be avoided:
Because Tazarotene is applied topically, there are no known interactions with specific foods, including grapefruit or dairy. However, a diet high in Vitamin A (liver, fish oils) should be consumed in moderation to avoid additive effects with retinoid therapy, though this is primarily a concern for oral retinoids.
Tazarotene is not known to interfere with standard laboratory tests, including blood chemistry, hematology, or urinalysis. It does not affect glucose or cholesterol levels in the way that oral retinoids might.
For each major interaction, the primary mechanism is usually pharmacodynamic (additive effects on the skin) rather than pharmacokinetic (changes in blood levels). The clinical consequence is almost always increased skin toxicity (redness, peeling, pain).
> Important: Tell your doctor about ALL medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking, including over-the-counter medicated creams or washes.
Conditions where Tazarotene must NEVER be used include:
Conditions requiring a careful risk-benefit analysis by a physician:
Patients who have had a severe allergic reaction to other retinoids (like tretinoin or adapalene) may have a higher risk of reacting to Tazarotene, although the chemical structures are different. This is called cross-sensitivity. Always inform your doctor if you have had a reaction to any Vitamin A-derived skin product.
> Important: Your healthcare provider will evaluate your complete medical history, including any plans for pregnancy, before prescribing Tazarotene.
FDA Pregnancy Category X / Contraindicated. Tazarotene is strictly prohibited during pregnancy. The risk of fetal malformation is high enough that the benefits of treating skin conditions like acne or psoriasis do not outweigh the risks. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test (sensitivity of at least 25 mIU/mL) within 2 weeks of starting treatment. It is recommended to start treatment during a normal menstrual period. Effective contraception (birth control) must be used throughout the duration of therapy.
It is not known whether Tazarotene is excreted in human milk following topical application. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug. If used during lactation, the medication should not be applied to the chest or nipple area to prevent accidental ingestion by the infant.
In clinical trials, approximately 10-15% of subjects were over 65. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between these subjects and younger subjects. However, elderly patients may have more fragile skin and may be taking other medications (like diuretics) that increase photosensitivity. Healthcare providers may suggest less frequent application initially.
Systemic exposure to tazarotenic acid is very low after topical use. Therefore, no specific dose adjustments are provided for patients with renal impairment. However, these patients should be monitored for any signs of systemic toxicity if large areas of the body are being treated.
No specific studies have been conducted in patients with hepatic impairment. Given the low systemic absorption and the fact that metabolism is primarily via esterases in the skin, hepatic impairment is not expected to significantly alter the drug's safety profile for topical use.
> Important: Special populations, particularly women of childbearing age, require individualized medical assessment and strict adherence to safety protocols.
Tazarotene is a retinoid prodrug. Upon application to the skin, it is rapidly converted by esterases to its active form, tazarotenic acid. Tazarotenic acid binds to all three members of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) family: RAR-alpha, RAR-beta, and RAR-gamma. However, it shows relative selectivity for RAR-beta and RAR-gamma. By binding to these nuclear receptors, it modifies the expression of genes that regulate cell proliferation, tissue differentiation, and inflammation. In psoriasis, it inhibits the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and helps normalize their maturation. In acne, it reduces the stickiness of skin cells, preventing the formation of plugs in the pores.
The pharmacodynamic effects of Tazarotene are localized to the area of application. The onset of action for acne is typically 2 to 4 weeks, while for psoriasis, significant improvement is usually seen within 4 to 8 weeks. Tolerance to the medication does not typically develop, but the skin often 'adapts' to the irritating effects over time. There is no evidence of systemic hormonal effects or changes in Vitamin A metabolism at standard topical doses.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Bioavailability | <1% to 5% (Topical) |
| Protein Binding | >99% (Tazarotenic acid) |
| Half-life | 17-18 hours |
| Tmax | ~9 hours (after multiple doses) |
| Metabolism | Esterase hydrolysis (Prodrug to Active) |
| Excretion | Renal (Urine) and Fecal |
Tazarotene is a third-generation topical retinoid. It is more receptor-selective than first-generation retinoids (tretinoin, isotretinoin) and second-generation retinoids (etretinate, acitretin). Other medications in the topical retinoid class include Adapalene and Trifarotene.
Medications containing this ingredient
Common questions about Tazarotene
Tazarotene is a potent topical retinoid primarily used to treat plaque psoriasis and acne vulgaris. In psoriasis, it helps to slow down the overproduction of skin cells and reduce the redness and scaling of plaques. For acne, it works by keeping the pores clear of dead skin cells and reducing inflammation, which prevents new pimples from forming. Additionally, certain strengths of Tazarotene cream are FDA-approved to treat fine facial wrinkles and dark spots caused by sun damage. It is a prescription-only medication that should be used under the supervision of a dermatologist.
The most common side effects of Tazarotene are localized to the area where the medication is applied. These include skin redness (erythema), peeling (desquamation), dryness, itching, and a burning or stinging sensation. These symptoms are usually most intense during the first two to four weeks of treatment as the skin adjusts to the medication. Most patients find that these effects are manageable with the use of a high-quality, fragrance-free moisturizer. If the irritation becomes severe, causing blistering or intense pain, you should contact your healthcare provider immediately.
There is no known direct chemical interaction between topical Tazarotene and alcohol consumption. However, alcohol can cause systemic dehydration, which may worsen the skin dryness and irritation already caused by the medication. For patients using Tazarotene for psoriasis, it is worth noting that alcohol is a known trigger for psoriasis flares in many individuals. While an occasional drink is unlikely to cause a problem, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help improve the overall effectiveness of your skin treatment. Always discuss your lifestyle habits with your doctor.
No, Tazarotene is strictly contraindicated during pregnancy and is classified as Pregnancy Category X. It is a derivative of Vitamin A, and retinoids are known to cause severe, permanent birth defects if used during gestation. Women of childbearing age must have a negative pregnancy test before starting the medication and must use effective birth control throughout the treatment period. If you suspect you have become pregnant while using Tazarotene, you must stop using it immediately and consult your doctor. Safety during breastfeeding has also not been established.
The timeline for seeing results with Tazarotene depends on the condition being treated. For acne, patients may begin to see an improvement in their skin within 2 to 4 weeks, although the full benefit often takes 12 weeks of consistent use. For plaque psoriasis, redness and scaling typically begin to decrease within 1 to 4 weeks, with maximum results usually seen after 8 to 12 weeks. If you are using it for sun damage and wrinkles, it may take up to 6 months of daily application to see a noticeable difference. Consistency is key to achieving the best results.
Yes, you can stop using topical Tazarotene suddenly without experiencing any physical withdrawal symptoms or 'rebound' effects in the traditional sense. However, because Tazarotene treats chronic conditions rather than curing them, your acne or psoriasis symptoms may gradually return once the medication is discontinued. If you find that the side effects are too much to handle, it is better to discuss a 'maintenance' schedule with your doctor, such as using the medication every other day, rather than stopping it entirely. Always consult your dermatologist before changing your treatment plan.
If you miss a dose of Tazarotene, you should apply it as soon as you remember, provided it is not almost time for your next scheduled application. If you are close to your next dose, simply skip the missed one and continue with your normal routine. Do not apply a larger amount of medication or apply it twice in one day to make up for the missed dose. Doing so will not make the medication work better but will significantly increase your risk of severe skin irritation, redness, and peeling. If you frequently miss doses, try setting a daily reminder on your phone.
Tazarotene is a topical medication with very low systemic absorption, and there is no clinical evidence to suggest that it causes weight gain or weight loss. Unlike some oral medications or hormonal treatments, retinoids do not affect your metabolism or appetite. If you experience significant changes in your weight while using Tazarotene, it is likely due to other factors such as diet, lifestyle, or other medications you may be taking. You should discuss any unexpected weight changes with your primary care physician to determine the underlying cause.
Tazarotene can be used alongside many other medications, but you must be careful with other topical products. Using Tazarotene with other irritating skin treatments, such as benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, or harsh exfoliating scrubs, can cause severe skin damage. If you are using other topical acne medications, your doctor may recommend applying one in the morning and Tazarotene at night. Additionally, certain oral medications that increase sun sensitivity (like some antibiotics or diuretics) can make Tazarotene use more risky. Always provide your doctor with a full list of your current medications.
Yes, Tazarotene is available in generic versions for several of its formulations, including the 0.1% cream and gel. Generic medications are required by the FDA to have the same active ingredient, strength, and effectiveness as the brand-name versions (like Tazorac). Using the generic version can often be significantly more cost-effective for patients. However, some of the newer formulations, such as specific foams or low-concentration lotions, may still be under patent and only available as brand-name products. Check with your pharmacist to see if a generic version is available for your specific prescription.