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Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.
Non-Standardized Food Allergenic Extract [EPC]
Anthoxanthum Odoratum, commonly known as Sweet Vernal Grass, is utilized in allergenic extracts for the diagnosis and treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis through immunotherapy. It belongs to the class of Non-Standardized Pollen Allergenic Extracts.
Name
Anthoxanthum Odoratum
Raw Name
ANTHOXANTHUM ODORATUM
Category
Non-Standardized Food Allergenic Extract [EPC]
Drug Count
3
Variant Count
3
Last Verified
February 17, 2026
About Anthoxanthum Odoratum
Anthoxanthum Odoratum, commonly known as Sweet Vernal Grass, is utilized in allergenic extracts for the diagnosis and treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis through immunotherapy. It belongs to the class of Non-Standardized Pollen Allergenic Extracts.
Detailed information about Anthoxanthum Odoratum
This page is for informational purposes only and does not replace medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any medication containing Anthoxanthum Odoratum.
Anthoxanthum Odoratum, widely known as Sweet Vernal Grass, is a perennial grass species utilized in clinical immunology as an allergenic extract. It is classified pharmacologically as a Non-Standardized Pollen Allergenic Extract [EPC]. In the context of clinical practice, your healthcare provider may use this extract for two primary purposes: the diagnostic identification of specific grass pollen allergies (via skin prick testing) and the long-term treatment of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) or allergic conjunctivitis through allergen immunotherapy (AIT).
As a member of the Poaceae family, Anthoxanthum Odoratum is a significant contributor to seasonal allergy symptoms in temperate climates. The extract contains specific proteins, such as the major allergen Anth o 1, which trigger IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions in sensitized individuals. When used in immunotherapy, the goal is to induce immunological tolerance. According to FDA-approved labeling guidelines, these extracts are often categorized alongside adrenergic agonists because the management of potential systemic reactions to the extract requires the immediate availability of epinephrine (a catecholamine with alpha and beta-adrenergic activity).
Anthoxanthum Odoratum allergenic extracts work through a complex process of immunomodulation. For patients with allergic rhinitis, the immune system incorrectly identifies the proteins in the grass pollen as harmful invaders, producing Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When the patient is exposed to the grass in nature, these antibodies trigger mast cells to release histamine and other inflammatory mediators, leading to sneezing, itching, and congestion.
In allergen immunotherapy (often called 'allergy shots'), your healthcare provider administers gradually increasing doses of the Anthoxanthum Odoratum extract. At the molecular level, this repeated exposure shifts the immune response from a Th2-dominated profile (which promotes allergy) to a Th1-dominated profile. This process stimulates the production of T-regulatory (Treg) cells, which secrete IL-10 and TGF-beta. These cytokines help suppress the allergic inflammation and induce the production of 'blocking antibodies' known as IgG4. Over time, these IgG4 antibodies compete with IgE for the allergen-binding sites, effectively preventing the allergic cascade from starting.
Unlike traditional small-molecule drugs, the pharmacokinetics of allergenic extracts like Anthoxanthum Odoratum are not measured by conventional blood levels, as the 'active ingredients' are a complex mixture of proteins and glycoproteins.
Anthoxanthum Odoratum extract is primarily indicated for:
Anthoxanthum Odoratum is available in several specialized forms, which must be handled exclusively by allergy specialists:
> Important: Only your healthcare provider can determine if Anthoxanthum Odoratum is right for your specific condition. Immunotherapy should only be conducted in a clinical setting equipped to treat anaphylaxis.
Dosage for Anthoxanthum Odoratum is highly individualized and is never a 'one-size-fits-all' approach. It is divided into two distinct phases:
Anthoxanthum Odoratum extracts are generally approved for use in children as young as 5 years old. The dosing schedule follows a similar escalation pattern to adults but requires even more cautious monitoring. Studies published by the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) suggest that early intervention with immunotherapy in children may prevent the development of asthma later in life. It is not typically recommended for children under 4 years of age due to the difficulty of communicating symptoms of a systemic reaction.
There are no specific dosage adjustments required for renal impairment, as the proteins are metabolized proteolytically. However, the patient's overall health must be stable enough to tolerate a potential systemic reaction.
No dosage adjustments are required for patients with liver disease.
In patients over 65, healthcare providers must carefully evaluate cardiovascular health. Elderly patients may be at higher risk if they require epinephrine to treat a reaction, as epinephrine can strain the heart.
Anthoxanthum Odoratum is administered via subcutaneous injection, usually in the posterior aspect of the upper arm.
If you miss an immunotherapy appointment, do not attempt to 'double up' the next dose.
An 'overdose' in the context of allergenic extracts usually refers to an injection that is too concentrated for the patient's current level of tolerance. Signs include massive swelling at the injection site, widespread hives, wheezing, or a drop in blood pressure. Emergency treatment involves the immediate administration of intramuscular epinephrine and may require hospitalization.
> Important: Follow your healthcare provider's dosing instructions. Do not adjust your dose or skip appointments without medical guidance.
Most patients receiving Anthoxanthum Odoratum extracts will experience 'local reactions.' These occur at the site of the injection and include:
Systemic reactions are the most serious risk associated with Anthoxanthum Odoratum. These require immediate medical intervention.
> Warning: Stop taking Anthoxanthum Odoratum and call your doctor immediately if you experience any of these:
There are no known long-term 'toxic' side effects of Anthoxanthum Odoratum, as it is a natural protein extract. However, prolonged immunotherapy can lead to 'injection site granulomas' (small, harmless bumps under the skin) in rare cases. The most significant long-term 'effect' is the intended modification of the immune system.
According to the FDA-approved labeling for allergenic extracts, including Anthoxanthum Odoratum, there is a Black Box Warning regarding the risk of severe non-fatal and fatal systemic allergic reactions.
Report any unusual symptoms to your healthcare provider.
Anthoxanthum Odoratum allergenic extract is a potent biological product. It is not a 'vaccine' in the traditional sense and requires strict adherence to safety protocols. Patients must be capable of recognizing the early signs of a systemic reaction and must have access to an epinephrine auto-injector (e.g., EpiPen) if prescribed for home use following treatment.
"Warning: Anthoxanthum Odoratum extract can cause severe systemic reactions, including anaphylaxis, which may be fatal. This product must be administered in a setting where emergency equipment and personnel trained in the management of anaphylaxis are immediately available. Patients should be observed for at least 30 minutes following administration."
Anthoxanthum Odoratum does not typically cause sedation. However, if you experience a systemic reaction or feel lightheaded after an injection, you should avoid driving until the symptoms have completely resolved.
While alcohol does not directly interact with the extract, it can cause vasodilation (widening of blood vessels), which may theoretically accelerate the absorption of the allergen or worsen the symptoms of an allergic reaction. It is best to avoid alcohol for several hours before and after your injection.
If you decide to stop Anthoxanthum Odoratum therapy, there are no 'withdrawal' symptoms. However, your allergy symptoms will likely return to their baseline levels over several months. If you stop during the build-up phase, you lose any progress made toward tolerance.
> Important: Discuss all your medical conditions with your healthcare provider before starting Anthoxanthum Odoratum.
There are no direct food interactions with Anthoxanthum Odoratum. However, if you have 'Oral Allergy Syndrome,' you may find that certain foods (like melons or tomatoes) cause more itching during the grass pollen season. This is due to 'cross-reactivity' between the proteins in the grass and the proteins in the fruit.
> Important: Tell your doctor about ALL medications, supplements, and herbal products you are taking.
Anthoxanthum Odoratum must NEVER be used in the following circumstances:
Your doctor will perform a risk-benefit analysis if you have:
Anthoxanthum Odoratum (Sweet Vernal Grass) shows high cross-reactivity with other members of the Pooideae subfamily, including:
If you are allergic to one of these grasses, you are almost certainly allergic to Sweet Vernal Grass. Your doctor may use a 'Grass Mix' extract rather than Anthoxanthum Odoratum alone.
> Important: Your healthcare provider will evaluate your complete medical history before prescribing Anthoxanthum Odoratum.
Pregnancy Category C (Historical): According to the FDA, allergenic extracts should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.
Anthoxanthum Odoratum proteins are not known to pass into breast milk in a way that would affect a nursing infant. Immunotherapy is considered safe for breastfeeding mothers. However, the mother should be monitored as usual for systemic reactions.
As noted, Anthoxanthum Odoratum is safe and effective for children over age 5. It is particularly beneficial in children because it can prevent the 'allergic march'—the progression from hay fever to asthma. Dosing must be adjusted carefully, and parents must be educated on recognizing 'hidden' symptoms of reactions in children, such as sudden belly pain or 'feeling funny.'
In patients over 65, the primary concern is cardiovascular reserve. The American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology suggests that while age is not an absolute contraindication, the presence of coronary artery disease or the use of multiple medications (polypharmacy) requires a more cautious approach. Renal clearance of the metabolized peptides is generally not a concern.
No specific studies have been conducted in patients with renal failure. However, because the extract consists of proteins that are degraded by ubiquitous proteases, kidney function does not significantly impact the safety or efficacy of the treatment.
Liver function does not affect the metabolism of allergenic extracts. No dosage adjustments are recommended for patients with hepatic impairment.
> Important: Special populations require individualized medical assessment.
Anthoxanthum Odoratum extract acts as a biological response modifier. Its primary molecular mechanism involves the induction of peripheral T-cell tolerance. Upon subcutaneous injection, the major allergens (like Anth o 1) are taken up by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). These APCs present the allergens to naive T-cells in an environment rich in IL-10. This promotes the differentiation of T-regulatory (Treg) cells. These Treg cells then suppress the Th2 response, which is responsible for IgE production and eosinophil recruitment. This results in a significant decrease in the release of histamine from mast cells and basophils upon natural exposure to grass pollen.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Bioavailability | N/A (Subcutaneous protein absorption) |
| Protein Binding | Primarily to IgE (early) and IgG4 (late) |
| Half-life | Proteins degraded within hours; Immunologic effect lasts years |
| Tmax | 1-2 hours for systemic absorption of proteins |
| Metabolism | Proteolysis (Protease enzymes) |
| Excretion | Renal (Metabolites) |
Anthoxanthum Odoratum is categorized as a Non-Standardized Pollen Allergenic Extract. It is related to other grass extracts like Timothy (Phleum pratense) and Sweet Vernal Grass extracts produced by various manufacturers (e.g., Greer, HollisterStier). While it is not an adrenergic agonist itself, it is linked to that class in regulatory data due to the mandatory co-management of its risks with Epinephrine.
Common questions about Anthoxanthum Odoratum
Anthoxanthum Odoratum, or Sweet Vernal Grass extract, is used primarily for the diagnosis and treatment of seasonal allergies. In a diagnostic setting, it is used in skin prick tests to identify if a patient is allergic to grass pollen. For treatment, it is used in allergen immunotherapy, commonly known as 'allergy shots.' This involves giving the patient gradually increasing doses of the extract to help their immune system build up a tolerance. Over time, this reduces symptoms like sneezing, itchy eyes, and nasal congestion during the spring and summer months.
The most common side effects are local reactions at the site of the injection. These include redness, swelling, and itching that may last for 24 to 48 hours. Many patients also experience a temporary increase in their typical allergy symptoms, such as mild sneezing or a runny nose, shortly after the injection. While these are usually not dangerous, they should be reported to your doctor. More significant swelling, larger than a few centimeters, may require a dose adjustment for your next visit.
It is generally recommended to avoid alcohol on the days you receive an Anthoxanthum Odoratum injection. Alcohol can cause your blood vessels to dilate, which might increase the speed at which the allergen is absorbed into your bloodstream. This could theoretically increase the risk of a systemic allergic reaction. Additionally, alcohol can make it harder for you to notice early symptoms of a reaction or for doctors to treat you effectively. Always wait at least several hours after your injection before consuming alcohol.
Anthoxanthum Odoratum is generally not started during pregnancy because the risk of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) could harm the developing fetus by reducing oxygen flow. However, if you are already on a stable maintenance dose and are tolerating the injections well, your allergist may recommend continuing the treatment throughout your pregnancy. The dose is usually kept the same or slightly reduced to ensure safety. You should have a detailed discussion with your healthcare provider if you become pregnant while receiving immunotherapy.
Immunotherapy with Anthoxanthum Odoratum is a long-term commitment and does not provide immediate relief like an antihistamine pill. Most patients begin to notice a significant reduction in their allergy symptoms during the first grass pollen season after they reach their 'maintenance dose,' which usually takes 3 to 6 months of weekly injections. For the best and most long-lasting results, the treatment must be continued for 3 to 5 years. This allows the immune system to permanently 'relearn' how to respond to the grass pollen.
Yes, you can stop taking the injections at any time without experiencing physical withdrawal symptoms. However, stopping the treatment prematurely—especially during the first year—will likely result in the return of your allergy symptoms. If you miss several doses, you cannot simply restart at the same level; your doctor will need to lower the dose and gradually build it back up to prevent a reaction. It is important to discuss your reasons for wanting to stop with your allergist to see if a different schedule might work for you.
If you miss a dose, contact your allergy clinic as soon as possible to reschedule. Do not try to make up for the missed dose yourself. The safety of immunotherapy depends on the regular timing of the injections. If you are only a few days late, your doctor may give you the usual dose. If you have missed several weeks, your doctor will likely need to reduce the dose to ensure your safety, as your body's tolerance to the allergen may have decreased during the break.
There is no clinical evidence to suggest that Anthoxanthum Odoratum allergenic extracts cause weight gain. The extract consists of natural proteins and is administered in very small quantities that do not affect your metabolism or appetite. If you experience weight changes while on immunotherapy, it is likely due to other factors, such as the use of oral corticosteroids for asthma or changes in your activity levels. Discuss any concerns about weight with your healthcare provider.
Anthoxanthum Odoratum can be taken alongside most standard allergy medications, such as nasal sprays and antihistamines. However, it has serious interactions with certain heart and blood pressure medications, specifically beta-blockers. These drugs can make a severe allergic reaction much harder to treat. You must inform your allergist about every medication you are taking, including over-the-counter supplements, to ensure that your immunotherapy can be conducted safely.
Allergenic extracts like Anthoxanthum Odoratum are biological products rather than simple chemical drugs, so the term 'generic' does not apply in the traditional sense. However, various manufacturers produce their own versions of Sweet Vernal Grass extract. These are often considered interchangeable by specialists, but your doctor will usually stick with one brand during your build-up phase to ensure the potency remains consistent. Most insurance plans cover these extracts as part of a standard immunotherapy program.